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From 1861 to 1890 the Munich publishing firm of Braun and Schneider published plates of historic and contemporary costume in their magazine Munchener Bilderbogen.<br/><br/> These plates were eventually collected in book form and published at the turn of the century in Germany and England.
Egypt: Nefertari, Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses the Great of the 19th Dynasty (r. 1279-1213 BCE). Mural from the Tomb of Queen Nefertari, Thebes, c. 1298-1235 BCE.<br/><br/> Nefertari (-c. 1255 BCE), also known as Nefertari Meritmut, was the first of the Great Royal Wives of Ramesses the Great. Highly educated and literate, Nefetari corresponded with other prominent royals of the age and was a skilled diplomat. She is one of the best known Egyptian queens, alongside Cleopatra, Hatshepsut and Nefertiti. Her name meant 'beautiful companion'.
Egypt: Nefertari, Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses the Great of the 19th Dynasty (r. 1279-1213 BCE). Mural from the Tomb of Queen Nefertari, Thebes, c. 1298-1235 BCE.<br/><br/> Nefertari (-c. 1255 BCE), also known as Nefertari Meritmut, was the first of the Great Royal Wives of Ramesses the Great. Highly educated and literate, Nefetari corresponded with other prominent royals of the age and was a skilled diplomat. She is one of the best known Egyptian queens, alongside Cleopatra, Hatshepsut and Nefertiti. Her name meant 'beautiful companion'.
Zouave was the title given to certain light infantry regiments in the French Army, normally serving in French North Africa between 1831 and 1962. The name was also adopted during the 19th century by units in other armies, especially volunteer regiments raised for service in the American Civil War. The chief distinguishing characteristics of such units were the zouave uniform, which included short open-fronted jackets, baggy trousers and often sashes and oriental headgear.
Algeria: Bombardment of Algiers by the Anglo-Dutch fleet, (August 26-27, 1816). Oil on canvas painting by Martinus Schouman (1770 - 1848), 1823. The Bombardment of Algiers was an attempt by Britain to end the slavery practices of the Dey of Algiers. An Anglo-Dutch fleet under the command of Admiral Lord Exmouth bombarded ships and the harbour defences of Algiers.<br/><br/> Although there was a continuing campaign by various European and the American navies to suppress the piracy against Europeans by the North African Barbary states, the specific aim of this expedition was to free Christian slaves and to stop the practice of enslaving Europeans. To this end, it was partially successful as the Dey of Algiers freed around 3,000 slaves following the bombardment and signed a treaty against the slavery of Europeans. However, the cessation of slavery did not last long.